A conveyor belt is deformed when running over the idlers. This consumes energy.
Special rubber compounds and belt designs - for instance an additional transverse reinforcement - reduce the indentation and let the belt run easier over the idlers.
Such belt types, on long distance conveyors, can save a lot of money.
They are known as EOB, XLL or LRR conveyor belts.
The illustration shows the motion resistances on a 1 km long horizontal conveyor as found by Hintz. The indentation rolling resistance of the conveyor belt, >60%, has by far the highest share.
For the determination of the energy saving properties of a conveyor belt, a standard test has been implemented at the ITA, University Hanover.
The test parameters - temperature, idler diameter, pressure - can be adjusted.
The illustration and the animation on the right side show the principle.